Rashes can arise from an irritation on the skin from urine, feces, lotions or ointments, soap, shampoo, pollen, sweat, or something rubbing against skin. Rashes or dermatitis (derm=skin, -itis= inflammation) of all types and from all causes are extremely prevalent. Used with permission of the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel 11/9/20Ĭommon skin conditions can occur to any individual. The pink layer represents muscles with the lighter pink being ligaments. In the graphics below, you can see the epidermis at the top, the dermis with blood vessels, hair follicles and glands in the next layer. The muscles attach to the bones by ligaments. Just below the skin is fat (adipose) tissue which helps protect the muscles under the fat layer. The dermis contains blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (oil producing glands to keep the skin moist), hair follicles, nerve fibers and many small capillaries. The epidermis is a barrier that protects the inner layer of skin, the dermis. You can see the top of the epidermis when you look at your skin. The epidermis is the outer layer of skin. Natural skin has a certain amount of ‘give’ to it which accommodates the flexibility of your body. Rather, the skin is flexible to allow movement of the bones and muscles contained within it. It does not have controlled movement on its own. The skin is a helping organ by protection of the body and use of sensation. The brain performs skin regulation based on messages sent to and from it automatically. The brain sends messages by way of the spinal cord to the PNS and back to the skin. The skin sends messages to the brain through the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) (the nerves throughout the body) through the spinal cord to the brain. Sensation and responses of the skin are controlled by the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), the part of the nervous system that is regulated without your control. Skin will send signals if you are too warm or cold, if something you touch is too warm or cold or if something is hurting you. It can tell your brain if something is uncomfortable outside of your body such as room temperature or too much sun that is burning you, or within your skin such as rash or goosebumps. There are nerves in every part of skin that can help you perceive the outside world of heat, cold, touch and pain. It synthesizes and maintains vitamin D levels in the body. Skin has a key job in regulation of the body by maintaining temperature through fluid balancing of peripheral blood vessel flow, sweat and body hair. It keeps unwanted things out such as dirt and other matter, bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungus, stands up to a moderate amount of pressure, and protects us from chemicals and radiation. The skin is the major protector of the body’s interior from the outside world. It covers the entire exterior of the body with a few openings for the eyes, ears, nostrils, mouth, urethra, rectum and vagina in females. The skin is the largest living organ system of the body. Donate to advance SCI and paralysis research.
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